Từ Vựng IELTS Online Test Actual Test 6 - Reading Test 4
Xem danh sách từ vựng Vocabulary của đề Actual Test 6 - Reading Test 4 được lấy từ cuốn Actual Test 6. Phần từ vựng IELTS của bài chứa xx từ, bao gồm phát âm, định nghĩa, ví dụ và cả hình ảnh sẽ giúp thí sinh IELTS dễ hiểu nội dung của đề bài hơn.)
📓 Passage 1: Education Philosophy
statistics
/stəˈtɪstɪks/
(noun). the practice or science of collecting and analysing numerical data in large quantities
mortality
/mɔrˈtæləti/
(noun). The state of being subject to death.
industrial
/ɪnˈdʌstriəl/
(adj). Relating to or characterized by industry.
premature
/ˌpriməˈʧʊr/
(adj). happening before the normal or expected time
bury
/ˈbɛri/
(verb). Put or hide underground.
invest
/ɪnˈvɛst/
(verb). provide or endow someone or something with (a particular quality or attribute)
newborn
/ˈnubɔrn/
(adj). recently or just born
consequence
/ˈkɑnsəkwəns/
(noun). A result or effect, commonly unpleasant
emotional
/ɪˈmoʊʃənəl/
(adj). connected with people’s feelings
commitment
/kəˈmɪtmənt/
(noun). The state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, activity, etc.
infant
/ˈɪnfənt/
(noun). A very young child or baby.
gutter
/ˈgʌtər/
(noun). shallow trough fixed beneath the edge of a roof for carrying off rainwater.
reference
/ˈrɛfərəns/
(noun). The action of mentioning or alluding to something.
pickle
/ˈpɪkəl/
(noun). A difficult situation
modem
/ˈmoʊdəm/
(noun). a device that connects one computer system to another using a telephone line so that data can be sent
educational
/ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl/
(adj). relating to the provision of education.
philosophy
/fəˈlɑsəfi/
(noun). A theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behavior
undergo
/ˌʌndərˈgoʊ/
(verb). Experience or be subjected to something unpleasant
rural
/ˈrʊrəl/
(adj). belong to the countryside
urban
/ˈɜrbən/
(adj). In, relating to, or characteristic of a town or city.
labour
/ˈleɪˌbaʊr/
(noun). work, especially hard physical work.
bulk
/bʌlk/
(noun). the mass or size of something large
manual
/ˈmænjuəl/
(adj). involving using the hands or physical strength
technological
/ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl/
(adj). connected with technology
synonymous
/səˈnɑnəməs/
(adj). having the same, or nearly the same, meaning
purchase
/ˈpɜrʧəs/
(verb). to buy something
revolution
/ˌrɛvəˈluʃən/
(noun). a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system and often using violence or war (cuộc cách mạng)
exponentially
/ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəli/
(adv). more and more rapidly.
civil war
/ˈsɪvəl wɔr/
(noun). a war between citizens of the same country.
influential
/ˌɪnfluˈɛnʧəl/
(adj). Having great influence on someone or something.
comprehensive
/ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv/
(adj). including all, or almost all details that may be concerned
via
/ˈvaɪə/
(preposition). through a place
theory
/ˈθɪri/
(noun). a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why something happens or exists
colonial
/kəˈloʊniəl/
(adj). Relating to or characteristic of a colony or colonies
recognition
/ˌrɛkəgˈnɪʃən/
(noun). identification of someone or something or person from previous encounters or knowledge
inheritance
/ɪnˈhɛrətəns/
(noun). the money, property, etc. that you receive from somebody when they die; the fact of receiving something when somebody dies
concept
/ˈkɑnsɛpt/
(noun). An abstract idea
noble
/ˈnoʊbəl/
(adj). Belonging by rank, title, or birth to the aristocracy
savage
/ˈsævəʤ/
(adj). fierce, violent, and uncontrolled
uncorrupted
/ʌnkəˈrʌptɪd/
(adj). Not corrupted
novel
/ˈnɑvəl/
(noun). A fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action
infancy
/ˈɪnfənsi/
(noun). The state or period of babyhood or early childhood.
adulthood
/əˈdʌltˌhʊd/
(noun). the state of being an adult
extensive
/ɪkˈstɛnsɪv/
(adj). Covering or affecting a large area.
adolescent
/ˌædəˈlɛsənt/
(noun). the process of developing from a child into an adult
individuality
/ɪnˌdɪvɪʤuˈælɪti/
(noun). difference
developmental
/dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/
(adj). in a state of developing or being developed
contrast
/ˈkɑntræst/
(noun). The state of being strikingly different from something else
specific
/spəˈsɪfɪk/
(adj). clearly defined or identified
characteristic
/ˌkɛrəktəˈrɪstɪk/
(noun). A feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing
historical
/hɪˈstɔrɪkəl/
(adj). Of or concerning history or past events.
perspective
/pərˈspɛktɪv/
(noun). A particular attitude towards something; a point of view
nurture
/ˈnɜrʧər/
(verb). Care for and protect (someone or something) while they are growing.
homelike
/ˈhoʊmˌlaɪk/
(adj). belong to home
application
/ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/
(noun). A formal request to be considered for a position or to be allowed to do or have something
document
/ˈdɑkjəmɛnt/
(verb). Record (something) in written, photographic, or other form.
feral
/ˈfɛrəl/
(adj). in a wild state, especially after escape from captivity or domestication.
capture
/ˈkæpʧər/
(verb). Take into one's possession or control by force.
Prepubescent
/ˌpriː.pjuːˈbe.sənt/
(adj). relating to or in the period preceding puberty
forage
/ˈfɔrɪʤ/
(verb). search widely for food or provisions
profound
/proʊˈfaʊnd/
(adj). very great; felt or experienced very strongly
quash
/kwɔʃ/
(verb). Reject as invalid, especially by legal procedure
optimistic
/ˌɑptəˈmɪstɪk/
(adj). Hopeful and confident about the future.
physician
/fəˈzɪʃən/
(noun). A person qualified to practice medicine.
civilise
/ˈsɪvəlaɪz/
(verb). To educate and improve a person or a society; to make somebody’s behaviour or manners better
initiate
/ɪˈnɪʃiɪt/
(verb). Cause (a process or action) to begin.
subsidy
/ˈsʌbsɪdi/
(noun). A sum of granted money
recruit
/rəˈkrut/
(verb). find new people to join a company, an organization
semblance
/ˈsɛmbləns/
(noun). The outward appearance or apparent form of something, especially when the reality is different.
transformation
/ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən/
(noun). a complete change in somebody/something
agrarian
/əˈgrɛriən/
(adj). connected with farming and the use of land for farming
ruthless
/ˈruθləs/
(adj). Having or showing no pity or compassion for others.
poverty
/ˈpɑvərti/
(noun). The state of being extremely poor.
substandard
/səbˈstændərd/
(adj). Below the usual or required standard
employment
/ɛmˈplɔɪmənt/
(noun). the state of being employed
painfully
/ˈpeɪnfəli/
(adv). extremely, and in a way that makes you feel annoyed, upset, etc.
advance
/ədˈvæns/
(noun). a development or improvement.
redefinition
/riˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən/
(noun). the action or process of defining something again or differently.
emergence
/ɪˈmɜrʤəns/
(noun). the fact of somebody/something coming out from a dark, confined or hidden place
kindergarten
/ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən/
(noun). an establishment where children below the age of compulsory education play and learn
movement
/ˈmuvmənt/
(noun). An act of moving.
educator
/ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtər/
(noun). a person who provides instruction or education; a teacher.
notion
/ˈnoʊʃən/
(noun). A belief about something
flourish
/ˈflərɪʃ/
(adj). grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way
basic
/ˈbeɪsɪk/
(noun). the essential facts or principles of a subject or skill.
record
/ˈrɛkərd/
(noun). A thing constituting a piece of evidence about the past
setting
/ˈsɛtɪŋ/
(noun). the place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place
corruption
/kəˈrʌpʃən/
(noun). bad behaviour of people in authority
prostitution
/ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən/
(noun). The practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.
wealthy
/ˈwɛlθi/
(adj). Having a great deal of money, resources, or assets; rich.
staple
/ˈsteɪpəl/
(noun). a main product or part of something
underdeveloped
/ˌʌndərdɪˈvɛləpt/
(adj). Not fully developed.
drastic
/ˈdræstɪk/
(adj). likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect
cornerstone
/ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn/
(noun). an important quality or feature on which a particular thing depends or is based
📓 Passage 2: How deserts are formed?
reference
/ˈrɛfərəns/
(noun). The action of mentioning or alluding to something.
irregular
/ɪˈrɛgjələr/
(adj). Not even or balanced in shape or arrangement.
movement
/ˈmuvmənt/
(noun). An act of moving.
particle
/ˈpɑrtəkəl/
(noun). a very small piece of something
vibrate
/ˈvaɪbreɪt/
(verb). to move or make something move from side to side very quickly and with small movements
jerk
/ʤɜrk/
(verb). make a sudden short sharp movement move
initiate
/ɪˈnɪʃiɪt/
(verb). khởi xướng - Cause (a process or action) to begin.
chain reaction
/ʧeɪn riˈækʃən/
(noun). a chemical reaction or other process in which the products themselves promote or spread the reaction
productive
/prəˈdʌktɪv/
(adj). Achieving a significant amount or result
desert
/ˈdɛzɜrt/
(noun). A place with sand, hot weather and no vegetation
farmland
/ˈfɑrmˌlænd/
(noun). land that is used for farming
barren
/ˈbærən/
(adj). not good enough for plants to grow on it
arid
/ˈærəd/
(adj). too dry
technical
/ˈtɛknɪkəl/
(adj). connected with the practical use of machinery, methods, etc. in science and industry
tackle
/ˈtækəl/
(verb). Make determined efforts to deal with an issue
desertification
/dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
(noun). The process fertile land becomes desert
Satellite
/ˈsætəˌlaɪt/
(noun). An artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or moon or another planet
utilize
/ˈjutəˌlaɪz/
(verb). Make practical and effective use of.
investigate
/ɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt/
(verb). Carry out research or study into a problem
livestock
/ˈlaɪvˌstɑk/
(noun). Farm animals regarded as an asset
influence
/ˈɪnfluəns/
(verb). have an influence on
migration
/maɪˈgreɪʃən/
(noun). the movement of large numbers of people, birds or animals from one place to another
invade
/ɪnˈveɪd/
(verb). enter (a country or region) so as to subjugate or occupy it
refugee
/ˈrɛfjuʤi/
(noun). A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.
vulnerable
/ˈvʌlnərəbəl/
(adj). Exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally
ecosystem
/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
(noun). a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
cultivation
/ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/
(noun). the preparation and use of land for growing plants or crops
settlement
/ˈsɛtəlmənt/
(noun). The process of establishing a settlement or settlements.
nomad
/ˈnoʊˌmæd/
(noun). a member of a community that moves with its animals from place to place
graze
/greɪz/
(verb). ăn cỏ
flock
/flɑk/
(noun). a number of birds of one kind feeding, resting, or traveling together
herd
/hɜrd/
(noun). a group of animals of the same type that live and feed together
pasture
/ˈpæsʧər/
(noun). Land covered with grass and other low plants
oasis
/oʊˈeɪsɪs/
(noun). A fertile spot in a desert, where water is found.
academic
/ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/
(noun). A teacher or scholar in a university or other institute of higher education.
fatal
/ˈfeɪtəl/
(adj). causing death.
practice
/ˈpræktəs/
(noun). The actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method
crop
/krɑp/
(noun). a cultivated plant grew to be eaten as grain, fruit or vegetable
progressively
/prɑˈgrɛsɪvli/
(adv). In a forward-looking, innovative manner.
dry
/draɪ/
(adj). Free from moisture or liquid; not wet or moist.
region
/ˈriʤən/
(noun). part of a country or the world having definable characteristics
drought
/draʊt/
(noun). A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall
vegetation
/ˌvɛʤəˈteɪʃən/
(noun). Plants considered collectively
tract
/trækt/
(noun). an area of land, especially a large one
devoid
/dɪˈvɔɪd/
(adj). entirely lacking or free from
susceptible
/səˈsɛptəbəl/
(adj). easily influenced by feelings and emotions
erosion
/ɪˈroʊʒən/
(noun). The process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.
ascertain
/ˌæsərˈteɪn/
(verb). Find (something) out for certain; make sure of.
clear-cut
/klɪr-kʌt/
(adj). easy to perceive or understand
border
/ˈbɔrdər/
(noun). A line separating two countries, administrative divisions, or other areas.
landscape
/ˈlændˌskeɪp/
(noun). everything you can see when you look across a large area of land
feature
/ˈfiʧər/
(noun). a distinctive attribute or aspect of something.
tremendous
/trəˈmɛndəs/
(adj). Very great in amount, scale, or intensity.
publicity
/pəˈblɪsəti/
(noun). the attention that is given to somebody/something by newspapers, television, etc.
severe
/səˈvɪr/
(adj). (of something bad or undesirable) very great; intense.
rainfall
/ˈreɪnˌfɔl/
(noun). the fall of rain.
misunderstanding
/ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ/
(noun). A failure to understand something correctly.
shortage
/ˈʃɔrtəʤ/
(noun). A state or situation in which something needed cannot be obtained i
precipitation
/prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/
(noun). rain, snow, etc. that falls; the amount of this that falls
farm
/fɑrm/
(verb). make one's living by growing crops or keeping livestock
soil
/sɔɪl/
(noun). the upper layer of the earth in which plants grow
accelerate
/ækˈsɛləˌreɪt/
(verb). Increase in rate, amount, or extent >< decelerate, stop, delay
firewood
/ˈfaɪərˌwʊd/
(noun). Wood burned as fuel
chief
/ʧif/
(adj). most important
fuel
/ˈfjuəl/
(noun). Material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power
planet
/ˈplænət/
(noun). A celestial body moving
humidity
/hjuˈmɪdəti/
(noun). conditions in which the air is very warm and damp
dust
/dʌst/
(noun). a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of sand, earth, etc.
phenomenon
/fəˈnɑməˌnɑn/
(noun). A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen,
steady
/ˈstɛdi/
(adj). Firmly fixed
explosion
/ɪkˈsploʊʒən/
(noun). A violent blowing apart of something caused by a bomb
impoverished
/ɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt/
(adj). (of a person or area) made poor.
destructive
/dɪˈstrʌktɪv/
(adj). causing great and irreparable harm or damage
thunderstorm
/ˈθʌndərˌstɔrm/
(noun). a storm with thunder and lightning and usually very heavy rain
topsoil
/ˈtɑpˌsɔɪl/
(noun). The top layer of soil.
enforce
/ɛnˈfɔrs/
(verb). Compel observance of or compliance with a law
prospect
/ˈprɑspɛkt/
(noun). The possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.
dryland
/ˈdraɪlənd /
(noun). land as opposed to the sea or another body of water.
alleviate
/əˈliviˌeɪt/
(verb). Make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.
greenhouse
/ˈgrinˌhaʊs/
(noun). a glass building protecting plants from cold weather
agriculture
/ˈægrɪˌkʌlʧər/
(noun). The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil
compound
/ˈkɑmpaʊnd/
(noun). a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture
microalgae
/maɪkrəʊˈældʒi/
(noun). microscopic algae, typically found in freshwater and marine systems, living in both the water column and sediment
livelihood
/ˈlaɪvliˌhʊd/
(noun). A means of securing the necessities of life.
📓 Passage 3: The Olympic Torch
torch
/tɔrʧ/
(noun). a small light that is held in the hand and usually gets its power from batteries
Committee
/kəˈmɪti/
(noun). a group of people appointed for a specific function, typically consisting of members of a larger group
withstand
/wɪθˈstænd/
(verb). to be strong enough not to be damaged
severe
/səˈvɪr/
(adj). (of something bad or undesirable) very great; intense.
aesthetic
/ɛˈsθɛtɪk/
(adj). appreciation with beauty
practical
/ˈpræktəkəl/
(adj). connected with real situations rather than with ideas or theories
value
/ˈvælju/
(verb). estimate the monetary worth of (something)
purchase
/ˈpɜrʧəs/
(verb). to buy something
relay
/riˈleɪ/
(noun). a group of people or animals engaged in a task or activity for a fixed period of time and then replaced by a similar group
treasurable
/ˈtrɛʒərəbl/
(adj). Highly valued; prized
souvenir
/ˌsuvəˈnɪr/
(noun). a thing that you buy and/or keep to remind yourself of a place, an occasion or a holiday/vacation
liquid
/ˈlɪkwəd/
(noun). a substance that flows freely and is not a solid or a gas, for example water or oil
promote
/prəˈmoʊt/
(verb). Support or actively encourage (a cause, venture, etc.); further the progress of
security
/sɪˈkjʊrəti/
(noun). the state of being free from danger or threat.
appearance
/əˈpɪrəns/
(noun). an act of becoming visible or noticeable; an arrival.
environmentally
/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəli/
(adv). in a way that relates to the natural world and the impact of human activity on its condition
substance
/ˈsʌbstəns/
(noun). A particular kind of matter with uniform properties.
flame
/fleɪm/
(noun). a hot bright stream of burning gas that comes from something that is on fire
bright
/braɪt/
(adj). giving out or reflecting much light; shining.
detrimental
/ˌdɛtrəˈmɛntəl/
(adj). harmful
slender
/ˈslɛndər/
(adj). (of people or their bodies) thin in an attractive or elegant way
steel
/stil/
(noun). a hard, strong, gray or bluish-gray alloy of iron with carbon and usually other elements, used extensively as a structural and fabricating material
rod
/rɑd/
(noun). long straight piece of wood, metal or glass
circular
/ˈsɜrkjələr/
(adj). Having the form of a circle.
platform
/ˈplætˌfɔrm/
(noun). A raised level surface on which people or things can stand.
jet
/ʤɛt/
(verb). Spurt out in jets
inscribe
/ɪnˈskraɪb/
(verb). marked with characters.
token
/ˈtoʊkən/
(noun). something that is a symbol of a feeling, a fact, an event, etc.
potentially
/pəˈtɛnʃəli/
(adv). With the capacity to develop
risky
/ˈrɪski/
(adj). Full of the possibility of danger
ignite
/ɪgˈnaɪt/
(verb). Catch fire or cause to catch fire.
sear
/sɪr/
(verb). to burn the surface of something suddenly
theme
/θim/
(noun). the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic
echo
/ˈɛkoʊ/
(verb). (of a sound) be repeated or reverberate after the original sound has stopped
base
/beɪs/
(verb). Use (something specified) as the foundation or starting point
accommodate
/əˈkɑməˌdeɪt/
(verb). Fit in with the wishes or needs of.
tank
/tæŋk/
(noun). a storage chamber for either liquid or gas
brass
/bræs/
(noun). A yellow alloy of copper and zinc
valve
/vælv/
(noun). A device for controlling the passage of fluid or air through a pipe, duct, etc.,
squeeze
/skwiz/
(verb). to press something firmly, especially with your fingers
pressurised
/ˈprɛʃəˌraɪzd/
(adj). having artificially raised pressure.
ascend
/əˈsɛnd/
(verb). Go up or climb
modify
/ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ/
(verb). Make partial or minor changes to (something)
handle
/ˈhændəl/
(noun). the part by which a thing is held, carried, or controlled.
petroleum
/pəˈtroʊliəm/
(noun). mineral oil that is found under the ground or the sea and is used to produce petrol/gas, paraffin, diesel oil, etc.
burner
/ˈbɜrnər/
(noun). the part of a cooker, light, etc. that produces flame or heat
adopt
/əˈdɑpt/
(verb). Take on or assume (an attitude or position)
host
/hoʊst/
(verb). act as host at (an event) or for (a television or radio program).
cauldron
/ˈkɑldrən/
(noun). A large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over an open fire.
altar
/ˈɔltər/
(noun). a type of table used in ceremonies in a Christian church or in other religious buildings
ritual
/ˈrɪʧuəl/
(noun). A religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions
devote
/dɪˈvoʊt/
(verb). to give your time or effort completely to something you believe in or to a person, or to use a particular amount of time or energy doing something
abstract
/ˈæbstrækt/
(adj). disassociated from any specific instance
draft
/dræft/
(noun). a piece of text, a formal suggestion, or a drawing in its original state, often containing the main ideas and intentions but not the developed form
solid
/ˈsɑləd/
(adj). Firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid.
gunpowder
/ˈgʌnˌpaʊdər/
(noun). An explosive
olive
/ˈɑləv/
(noun). A small oval fruit
flammable
/ˈflæməbəl/
(adj). easily set on fire.
hazardous
/ˈhæzərdəs/
(adj). risky and dangerous
exterior
/ɪkˈstɪriər/
(adj). outside of sth
unstable
/ənˈsteɪbəl/
(adj). Likely to give way; not stable.
internal
/ɪnˈtɜrnəl/
(adj). connected with the inside of something
pilot
/ˈpaɪlət/
(adj). done as an experiment or test before introducing something more widely.
bump up
/bʌmp ʌp/
(verb). increase something.
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