IELTS Listening Practice Test

Question 1 - 10

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Researching the origin of medieval manuscripts
Background

  • Medieval manuscripts - handwritten books produced between the fifth and fifteenth centuries

  • Origin of many manuscripts unknown until 2009; scientists started using DNA testing

Animal hides - two types
Parchment
Sheep skin: white in colour and
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thin/ very thin

Greasy - writing can’t be erased so often used for
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court documents

Vellum
Calf skin: most popular for prestigious work because you can get
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high-quality
 lettering.
Preparation of hides

  • Treated in barrels of lime - where this was not available, skins were

    4
    buried
     (removed hair -> more flexible)

  • Stretched tight on a frame

  • Scraped to create same

    5
    thickness
    

  • Vellum was

    6
    bleached/whitened
     - for correct colour

Genetic testing - finding origins
Previously - analysed handwriting and
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dialect
 used by the writer
Now - using genetic data from ‘known manuscripts’ to create a
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baseline

Uses of new data
Gives information on individual books
Shows the
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evolution
 of the book industry
Helps define
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trade routes
 in medieval period

ĐÁP ÁN & GIẢI THÍCH CÂU 1

Giải thích chi tiết

smiley13 Mình cần nghe về đặc điểm của sheep skin (sheepskin: white in colour and ___ )

=> Phần này sẽ bắt đầu từ ''Virtually all were written on treated animal skins and there were essentially two types.'' smiley28 Đối tượng đầu tiên là parchment làm từ sheep skin, ''The first was parchment, which is made of sheep skin'' smiley43 Sau đó người nói đưa thông tin là ''It has the quality of being very white but also being thin.''

=> Nó có hai đặc điểm là rất trắng và mỏng => Đáp án: thin check

Lưu ý
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Researching The Origin Of Medieval Manuscripts

Researching The Origin Of Medieval Manuscripts

Researching The Origin Of Medieval Manuscripts

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