Fireworks were introduced from China.

Their use was mainly to do with:

• war

• 

  1

  religion/religions
   (in plays and festivals)

Various features of

Scientists were interested in using ideas from fireworks displays:

• to make human

  3

  flight
   possible

• to show the formation of

  4

  stars
  

London:

• Scientists were distrustful at first

• Later, they investigated

  5

  practical
   uses of fireworks (e.g. for sailors)

St Petersburg:

• Fireworks were seen as a method of

  6

  education
   for people.

Paris: 

• Displays emphasised the power of the

  7

  king
  

• Scientists aimed to provide

  8

  entertainment
  

Italian fireworks specialists became influential.

Servadoni’s fireworks display followed the same pattern as an

The appeal of fireworks extended to the middle classes.

Some displays demonstrated new scientific discoveries such as